{"id":20,"date":"2021-01-22T10:57:50","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T10:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.prover.com\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2025-01-17T13:20:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T12:20:55","slug":"faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/faq\/","title":{"rendered":"Frequently Asked Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" data-animationType=\"fadeInUp\" data-animationDuration=\"1.3\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1280px + 80px );margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_4_5 4_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-transition:filter 0ms ease, transform 0ms ease, background-color 0ms ease, border-color 0ms ease;--awb-width-large:80%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:25px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:80%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-medium:70px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;--awb-font-size:var(--awb-typography5-font-size);--awb-line-height:var(--awb-typography5-line-height);--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography5-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography5-text-transform);--awb-margin-bottom:10px;--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography5-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography5-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography5-font-style);\"><p>FAQ<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:30px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:30px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;letter-spacing:-1px;\">FAQ &amp; Glossary<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1280px + 80px );margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><style type=\"text\/css\">#accordian-1 .fusion-panel:hover,#accordian-1 .fusion-panel.hover{ background-color: var(--awb-color2) } #accordian-1 .fusion-panel { border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1); border-width:1px; background-color:var(--awb-color1); }.fusion-accordian #accordian-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 18px;width: 18px;}.fusion-accordian #accordian-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color4);}.fusion-accordian #accordian-1.fusion-toggle-icon-right .fusion-toggle-heading{ margin-right: 36px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordian-1 .panel-title a{font-size:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-font-size);text-transform:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-text-transform);line-height:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-line-height);letter-spacing:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-letter-spacing);font-family:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-font-family);font-weight:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-font-weight);font-style:var(--awb-custom_typography_7-font-style);}.fusion-accordian  #accordian-1 .panel-title a:not(:hover){}.fusion-accordian  #accordian-1 .toggle-content{font-size:14pt;text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);line-height:1.6;font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);}.fusion-accordian #accordian-1 .panel-title a:hover,.fusion-accordian #accordian-1 .panel-title a.hover { color: var(--awb-color4);}.fusion-faq-shortcode .fusion-accordian #accordian-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: var(--awb-color4);}.fusion-accordian #accordian-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .panel-title a:hover .fa-fusion-box,.fusion-accordian #accordian-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .panel-title a.hover .fa-fusion-box { color: var(--awb-color4); }.fusion-faqs-wrapper .fusion-accordian  #accordian-1 .fusion-panel {padding-top: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 15px;padding-left: 10px;}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-faq-shortcode\" style=\"\"><ul role=\"menu\" class=\"fusion-filters clearfix\"><li role=\"presentation\" class=\"fusion-filter fusion-filter-all fusion-active\"><a role=\"menuitem\" data-filter=\"*\" href=\"#\">All<\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\" class=\"fusion-filter fusion-hidden\"><a role=\"menuitem\" data-filter=\".digital-twin-system-testing\" href=\"#\">Digital twin system testing<\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\" class=\"fusion-filter fusion-hidden\"><a role=\"menuitem\" data-filter=\".model-based-tendering-workshops\" href=\"#\">Model-based tendering workshops<\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\" class=\"fusion-filter fusion-hidden\"><a role=\"menuitem\" data-filter=\".prestudy-formal-methods\" href=\"#\">Prestudy formal methods<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-faqs-wrapper\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group  fusion-toggle-icon-right fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordian-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15013 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ATC?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:36:12+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15013\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15013\" href=\"#collapse-1-15013\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ATC?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15013\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15013\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>ATC, is an integrated signalling system that guarantees the secure movement of trains. ATC integrates various subsystems positioned on-board and wayside. In addition to a full interlocking system, a complete ATC system consists of three subsystems: (i) ATP, (ii) ATO and (iii) ATS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15015 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ATO?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:46:56+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15015\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15015\" href=\"#collapse-1-15015\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ATO?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15015\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15015\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Automatic train operation, or ATO, is an ATC subsystem which performs on-board, non-vital functions normally performed by a train driver, including ensuring a smooth acceleration of the train to the running speed, speed regulation and smoothly stopping the train at the proper position at station platforms or in front of stopping signals. ATO subsystems are primarily located on-board and represent one of the principal components of a driverless system. Additionally, ATO subsystems report vehicle health status to the central control offices.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15017 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ATP?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:47:21+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15017\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15017\" href=\"#collapse-1-15017\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ATP?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15017\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15017\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Automatic train protection, or ATP, is an ATC subsystem responsible for the safe operation of a signaling system. It imposes speed limits on trains, both to maintain a safe operating distance between them and to comply with safety and speed requirements. The ATP system is designed to be a fail-safe (vital) system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15019 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ATS?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:47:35+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15019\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15019\" href=\"#collapse-1-15019\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ATS?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15019\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15019\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Automatic train supervision, or ATS, is an ATC subsystem which operates to control trains automatically by means of ATO and ATP, in accordance with the railway timetable. This also involves a CTC system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15021 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is balise?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:48:20+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15021\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15021\" href=\"#collapse-1-15021\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is balise?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15021\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15021\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>An electronic beacon or transponder placed between the rails of a railway as part of an automatic train protection system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15023 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is CBI?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:48:44+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15023\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15023\" href=\"#collapse-1-15023\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is CBI?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15023\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15023\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Computer-based interlocking, or CBI, is an interlocking system where the traditional wired networks of relays are replaced by software logic running on special-purpose fail-safe control hardware. The fact that the logic is implemented by software rather than hard-wired circuitry greatly facilitates the ability to make modifications when needed by reprogramming rather than rewiring.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15025 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is CBTC?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:49:07+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15025\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15025\" href=\"#collapse-1-15025\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is CBTC?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15025\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15025\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Communication-based train control, or CBTC, is a system under development that will allow for the interchangeability of different technological systems in use on various metro lines. CBTC can be understood as an attempt to create an ERTMS type standard for the mass transit industry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15027 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does CENELEC stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:38:38+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15027\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15027\" href=\"#collapse-1-15027\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does CENELEC stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15027\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15027\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15029 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does completeness mean?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:49:22+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15029\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15029\" href=\"#collapse-1-15029\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does completeness mean?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15029\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15029\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A formal system is called complete if every valid formula can be proved in the system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15031 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is CTC?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:49:39+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15031\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15031\" href=\"#collapse-1-15031\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is CTC?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15031\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15031\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>A centralized traffic control system, or CTC, monitors the status of signaling on a line or network and displays the relevant status information to a central operator, assists in the management of the line or network consistent with the timetable and exercises control to prevent small schedule disturbances from becoming traffic jams. CTC also notifies the operator of ATC equipment failures and of failures in traction power and passenger station support facilities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15033 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is domain-specific language \/ DSL?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:49:58+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15033\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15033\" href=\"#collapse-1-15033\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is domain-specific language \/ DSL?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15033\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15033\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Domain-Specific Language \/ DSL is a programming language for a particular application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose language (GPL), which is broadly applicable across domains. There are a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, to the railway specific application languages RailML which is used for data exchange between objects in railway systems. PiSPEC is a DSL for interlocking system specifications.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15035 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does DRIMS stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:39:56+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15035\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15035\" href=\"#collapse-1-15035\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does DRIMS stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15035\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15035\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Dynamic Railway Information Management System.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15037 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does ERA stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:40:12+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15037\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15037\" href=\"#collapse-1-15037\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does ERA stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15037\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15037\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>European Union Agency for Railways.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15039 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ERTMS?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:40:29+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15039\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15039\" href=\"#collapse-1-15039\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ERTMS?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15039\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15039\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The European Rail Traffic Management System, or ERTMS, ERTMS was introduced by the EU in 1992 as a means of creating a uniform system of command, control and coordination of rail traffic to allow for \u2018\u2018interoperability\u2019\u2019 throughout EU territory. The ERTMS standard exists at three levels (ERTMS 1, 2 and 3) depending on use, each distinguished by the type of wayside and on-board equipment used and the manner in which this equipment communicates relevant data.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15041 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is ETCS?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2024-07-11T12:41:23+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15041\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15041\" href=\"#collapse-1-15041\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is ETCS?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15041\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15041\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a signaling, control and train protection system designed to replace the many incompatible safety systems currently used by European railways, especially on high-speed lines.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15045 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does EULYNX stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:40:32+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15045\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15045\" href=\"#collapse-1-15045\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does EULYNX stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15045\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15045\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>European Initiative Linking Interlocking Subsystems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15047 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is Finite state machine (FSM)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:46:52+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15047\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15047\" href=\"#collapse-1-15047\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is Finite state machine (FSM)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15047\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15047\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Finite state machine (FSM) is an abstract machine that can be in exactly one of a finite number of states at any given time and can change from one state to another in response to some external inputs. The change from one state to another is called a transition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15049 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What are formal methods?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:40:09+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15049\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15049\" href=\"#collapse-1-15049\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What are formal methods?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15049\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15049\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Formal methods are mathematical techniques for the specification, development and verification of software and hardware systems. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/formal-methods-railway\/\">Learn more about formal methods here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15051 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is formal specification?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:39:51+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15051\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15051\" href=\"#collapse-1-15051\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is formal specification?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15051\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15051\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A description of a system in a well-defined formal language such as PiSPEC or HLL. <a href=\"\/signaling-design-automation\/formal-specification\">Read more about formal specification here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15053 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is formal verification?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2024-03-05T10:10:10+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15053\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15053\" href=\"#collapse-1-15053\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is formal verification?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15053\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15053\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Formal verification is a process that uses mathematical models to rigorously prove the correctness and safety of a system&#8217;s design, ensuring that it meets all specified requirements without errors. <a href=\"\/signaling-design-automation\/formal-verification\">Read more about formal verification here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15055 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is generic application (GA)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-17T13:23:40+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15055\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15055\" href=\"#collapse-1-15055\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is generic application (GA)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15055\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15055\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;max-width:calc( 100% + 80px ) !important;margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>A generic application (GA) is something that can be used as a basis for a number of specific applications. The GA is specified in sufficient detail to enable interlocking software for specific applications to be automatically generated, formally verified and simulated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15057 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is generic design specification (GDS)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:38:59+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15057\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15057\" href=\"#collapse-1-15057\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is generic design specification (GDS)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15057\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15057\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Generic design specification (GDS) specifies how generated systems shall be designed. Design principles are formalized in a GDS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15059 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is global navigation satellite system (GNSS)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:38:40+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15059\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15059\" href=\"#collapse-1-15059\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is global navigation satellite system (GNSS)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15059\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15059\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a satellite-based global navigation system, that can rely on US GPS (Global Positioning System) or Russian GLONASS (Global navigation satellite system) or European Galileo system under development.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15063 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is GSS?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:37:51+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15063\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15063\" href=\"#collapse-1-15063\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is GSS?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15063\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15063\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>GSS stand for generic safety specification. Safety requirements are formalized in a GSS. It specifies requirements that shall be formally verified for every generated system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15065 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is GTS?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:37:30+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15065\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15065\" href=\"#collapse-1-15065\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is GTS?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15065\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15065\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>GTS stand for generic test specification. Functional requirements are formalized in a generic test specification (GTS). It specifies requirements that shall be checked by simulation for every generated system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15067 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is high level language (HLL)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:36:03+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15067\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15067\" href=\"#collapse-1-15067\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is high level language (HLL)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15067\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15067\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>HLL is an expressive formal language well suited as a target language for certifiable translators from specification, design and code languages.<a href=\"\/hll-high-level-language\/\"> Read more about HLL here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15069 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is high speed line (HSL)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:35:47+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15069\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15069\" href=\"#collapse-1-15069\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is high speed line (HSL)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15069\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15069\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>High speed line, or HSL, refers to railway lines with a capacity for speeds in excess of 200 km\/h (125 mph).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15074 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does IRIS stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:35:25+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15074\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15074\" href=\"#collapse-1-15074\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does IRIS stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15074\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15074\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>IRIS stand for international railway industry standard.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15076 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is IXL?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:55:23+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15076\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15076\" href=\"#collapse-1-15076\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is IXL?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15076\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15076\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>An interlocking system is responsible for the reliable and safe movement of trains inside a station, through complex junctions and for the length of the line. The interlocking system ensures that train movement is permitted only when a route is available and the switches along this route are safely locked in their position. In all cases, the interlocking allocates a track portion or a route to one train at a time, excluding all others.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15079 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is light rail transit (LRT)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:34:54+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15079\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15079\" href=\"#collapse-1-15079\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is light rail transit (LRT)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15079\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15079\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Light rail transit, or LRT, refers to a form of urban rail transit that utilizes equipment and infrastructure that is typically less massive than that used for metro systems, with modern light rail vehicles usually running along the system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15081 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is model-based development?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:34:32+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15081\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15081\" href=\"#collapse-1-15081\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is model-based development?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15081\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15081\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A software development methodology that focuses on creating and exploiting domain models, which are conceptual models of all the topics related to a specific problem. Hence, it highlights and aims at abstract representations of the knowledge and activities that govern a particular application domain, rather than the computing (i.e. algorithmic) concepts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15084 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is model checking?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:34:23+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15084\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15084\" href=\"#collapse-1-15084\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is model checking?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15084\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15084\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A method for formally verifying finite-state concurrent systems. Specifications about the system are expressed as temporal logic formulas, and efficient symbolic algorithms are used to traverse the model defined by the system and check if the specification holds or not.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15086 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is model transformation?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T12:56:36+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15086\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15086\" href=\"#collapse-1-15086\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is model transformation?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15086\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15086\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A program that takes models as input and generates the target models as output and meanwhile keeps the information consistent. The aim of using a model transformation is to save effort and reduce errors by automating the building and modification of models where possible.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15088 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is an optimizing traffic planner (OTP)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/pernilla-lundberg\/\" title=\"Posts by Pernilla Lundberg\" rel=\"author\">Pernilla Lundberg<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:33:54+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15088\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15088\" href=\"#collapse-1-15088\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is an optimizing traffic planner (OTP)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15088\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15088\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Optimizing traffic planner, or OTP, is a traffic management system that permits real-time monitoring of the positioning of trains throughout a railway system. OTP optimizes system or network capacity by safely minimizing the time between trains, thereby reducing operating costs. OTP is primarily designed for those markets where railway systems infrastructure is being used to full capacity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15090 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is PiSPEC?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:08+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15090\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15090\" href=\"#collapse-1-15090\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is PiSPEC?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15090\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15090\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>PiSPEC is a specification language that has been designed for interlocking systems specifications. It builds on well-known concepts that are being taught in engineering classes all over the world.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15092 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is predicate logic?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:08+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15092\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15092\" href=\"#collapse-1-15092\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is predicate logic?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15092\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15092\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Predicate logic or first-order logic uses quantified variables and allows the use of statements that contain predicates and variables.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15094 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is process calculus?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:08+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15094\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15094\" href=\"#collapse-1-15094\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is process calculus?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15094\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15094\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Process calculus is a tool for the description of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes. They also provide algebraic laws that allow process descriptions to be manipulated and analyzed and permit formal reasoning about equivalences between processes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15096 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is a proof obligation?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:08+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15096\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15096\" href=\"#collapse-1-15096\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is a proof obligation?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15096\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15096\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Proof obligation is a logical formula associated with a correctness claim for a given verification property. The formula is valid if and only if the property holds in all interpretations. The correctness of the property under verification is \u201cdelegated\u201d to proving the correctness of this formula.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15098 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is propositional logic?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:07+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15098\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15098\" href=\"#collapse-1-15098\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is propositional logic?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15098\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15098\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Propositional logic is the formal logic of the operations AND (conjunction), OR (disjunction), NOT (negation) and IMPLIES (implication).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15102 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is positive train control (PTC)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:26:23+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15102\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15102\" href=\"#collapse-1-15102\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is positive train control (PTC)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15102\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15102\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Positive train control (PTC) is the North American freight railway implementation of CBTC.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15104 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does RAMS stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:26:42+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15104\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15104\" href=\"#collapse-1-15104\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does RAMS stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15104\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15104\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>RAMS stand for reliability, availability, maintainability and safety.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15106 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is relay based interlocking (RBI)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:27:20+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15106\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15106\" href=\"#collapse-1-15106\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is relay based interlocking (RBI)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15106\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15106\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Relay based interlocking (RBI) is an interlocking system consisting of a complex circuitry made up of relays in an arrangement of relay logic that ascertains the state or position of each signal appliance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15108 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is program refinement?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:06+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15108\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15108\" href=\"#collapse-1-15108\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is program refinement?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15108\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15108\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Program refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) formal specification into a concrete (low-level) executable program.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15110 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is a specific application (SA)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:06+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15110\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15110\" href=\"#collapse-1-15110\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is a specific application (SA)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15110\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15110\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The specific application (SA) is being generated based on the generic application (GA) and specific application configuration data such as track layout, wayside object properties etc.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15112 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is safety property?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:06+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15112\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15112\" href=\"#collapse-1-15112\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is safety property?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15112\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15112\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Safety property is a property that must be fulfilled by the system in order for the system to be considered safe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15114 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is SAT?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:06+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15114\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15114\" href=\"#collapse-1-15114\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is SAT?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15114\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15114\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated as SATISFIABILITY or SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be consistently replaced by the values TRUE or FALSE in such a way that the formula evaluates to TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable. SAT techniques can be used to prove or disprove properties: if the negation of a property cannot be satisfied, then the property is valid. If the negation of a property is satisfied by a certain interpretation, then this interpretation is a counterexample of the property.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15116 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is Shift2Rail?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:05+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15116\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15116\" href=\"#collapse-1-15116\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is Shift2Rail?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15116\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15116\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Shift2Rail will be the first European rail joint technology initiative to seek focused research and innovation (R&#038;I) and market-driven solutions by accelerating the integration of new and advanced technologies into innovative rail product solutions.  Shift2Rail will promote the competitiveness of the European Rail Industry and will meet the changing EU transport needs.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15118 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is soundness?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:27:56+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15118\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15118\" href=\"#collapse-1-15118\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is soundness?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15118\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15118\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A formal system is sound if and only if every formula that can be proved in the system is valid with respect to the semantics of the system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15121 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is SSI?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:05+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15121\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15121\" href=\"#collapse-1-15121\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is SSI?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15121\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15121\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>SSI is the brand name of the first-generation processor-based interlocking developed in the 1980s by British Rail\u2019s Research Division, GEC-General Signal and Westinghouse Signals Ltd in the UK.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15123 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is state space?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:05+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15123\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15123\" href=\"#collapse-1-15123\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is state space?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15123\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15123\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A set of the system states which are represented by all possible combinations of the values of state variables in the system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15125 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is state space explosion?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:04+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15125\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15125\" href=\"#collapse-1-15125\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is state space explosion?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15125\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15125\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>As the number of state variables in the system increases, the size of the system state space grows exponentially.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15127 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is theorem proving?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:04+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15127\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15127\" href=\"#collapse-1-15127\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is theorem proving?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15127\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15127\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs. Automated reasoning over mathematical proof was a major impetus for the development of computer science.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15129 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does TMS stand for?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:28:52+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15129\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15129\" href=\"#collapse-1-15129\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does TMS stand for?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15129\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15129\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>TMS stand for traffic management system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-15132 \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is UNIFE?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/gunnar-smith\/\" title=\"Posts by Gunnar Smith\" rel=\"author\">Gunnar Smith<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2023-04-13T13:07:03+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-15132\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-15132\" href=\"#collapse-1-15132\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is UNIFE?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-15132\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-15132\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Association of the European Rail Industry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18927 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What are formal methods (FM)?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:31:56+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18927\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18927\" href=\"#collapse-1-18927\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What are formal methods (FM)?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18927\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18927\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Formal methods refer to mathematically based techniques and tools for the specification, development, and verification of software and hardware systems. FM helps in designing systems that are error-free and conform to their specifications, particularly critical in industries where safety and reliability are paramount, like the railway signaling and control domain.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18931 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Why should my organization consider adopting formal methods?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:32:39+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18931\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18931\" href=\"#collapse-1-18931\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Why should my organization consider adopting formal methods?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18931\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18931\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Adopting formal methods can significantly enhance the reliability, safety, and efficiency of complex systems within your organization. Benefits include reduced costs associated with testing, bug fixing, and maintenance, as well as shorter development cycles and faster implementation times. Formal methods provides a robust framework for managing complexity and ensuring system integrity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18933 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is the &#8220;Prestudy: Formal methods business case&#8221;?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:19:14+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18933\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18933\" href=\"#collapse-1-18933\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is the &#8220;Prestudy: Formal methods business case&#8221;?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18933\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18933\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The &#8220;Prestudy: Formal methods business case&#8221; is a service offered by Prover designed to assess your organization&#8217;s readiness to adopt formal methods. It includes evaluating your current processes, data structure, and requirements clarity, and provides a detailed plan on how to start implementing FM, along with understanding the potential savings and business case.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18935 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Who should consider the prestudy?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:18:14+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18935\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18935\" href=\"#collapse-1-18935\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Who should consider the prestudy?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18935\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18935\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>This service is ideal for management teams at Infrastructure Managers (IMs) who are curious about formal methods but unsure if it&#8217;s suitable for their operations. It&#8217;s particularly beneficial for decision-makers seeking to understand the potential impact and benefits of FM on their systems and processes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18937 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What does the project process involve?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:17:45+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18937\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18937\" href=\"#collapse-1-18937\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What does the project process involve?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18937\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18937\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The project kicks off with an initial meeting to explain the process, gather input, and answer questions. Prover\u2019s team then conducts a two-week in-depth analysis, followed by a follow-up meeting where a comprehensive report and action plan are presented, detailing the steps towards formal methods integration and the associated benefits.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18939 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What deliverables can we expect from the prestudy?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:16:49+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18939\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18939\" href=\"#collapse-1-18939\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What deliverables can we expect from the prestudy?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18939\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18939\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>You will receive a written report with a clear plan and steps needed to start with formal methods, an executive summary for quick insights, a presentation of the findings, and supporting material to present the business case for formal methods within your organization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18941 prestudy-formal-methods \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How can we get started with the prestudy?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:16:20+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18941\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18941\" href=\"#collapse-1-18941\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How can we get started with the prestudy?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18941\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18941\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Getting started is easy. Simply fill out the form on our landing page, or reach out to us via the provided contact information. Our team will get in touch to discuss your needs and how we can help you embark on your formal methods journey.<\/p>\n<p>Phone: +46 (0)8 617 68 00<br \/>\nE-mail: <a href=\"mailto:info@prover.com\">info@prover.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18950 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is model-based tendering?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:15:56+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18950\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18950\" href=\"#collapse-1-18950\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is model-based tendering?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18950\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18950\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Model-based tendering is a process that uses digital twins and simulations to validate project requirements before the tendering phase begins. This approach ensures requirements are realistic, achievable, and free from contradictions. The purpose is to decrease risks in projects.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18952 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How does digital twin technology fit into model-based tendering?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:15:16+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18952\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18952\" href=\"#collapse-1-18952\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How does digital twin technology fit into model-based tendering?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18952\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18952\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Digital twins play a crucial role by providing a virtual prototype of the proposed project, allowing for detailed testing and validation of requirements. They offer a platform for stakeholder feedback and ensure the project&#8217;s feasibility before any physical work starts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18954 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Can model-based tendering reduce project costs?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:14:46+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18954\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18954\" href=\"#collapse-1-18954\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Can model-based tendering reduce project costs?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18954\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18954\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Yes, by identifying and resolving conflicts and unrealistic requirements early on, model-based tendering can significantly reduce the need for costly changes during later project stages, leading to more predictable and controlled project costs.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18956 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How does model-based tendering benefit stakeholders?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:14:08+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18956\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18956\" href=\"#collapse-1-18956\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How does model-based tendering benefit stakeholders?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18956\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18956\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>It allows stakeholders to visualize and interact with a model of the project early in the process, ensuring their requirements and concerns are addressed before the project is finalized. This early engagement helps to align expectations and increase satisfaction.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18958 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Is model-based tendering suitable for all types of projects?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:13:23+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18958\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18958\" href=\"#collapse-1-18958\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Is model-based tendering suitable for all types of projects?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18958\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18958\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>While especially beneficial for complex projects where the integration of new systems with existing ones is critical, model-based tendering can be adapted to suit a wide range of projects by ensuring that project requirements are clear, validated, and achievable from the outset.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18960 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How does model-based tendering impact the tender process?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:12:45+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18960\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18960\" href=\"#collapse-1-18960\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How does model-based tendering impact the tender process?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18960\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18960\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>It streamlines the tender process by providing clearer, validated project specifications, reducing the likelihood of ambiguous requirements. This leads to more accurate bids from contractors and a smoother selection process.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18962 model-based-tendering-workshops \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What are the first steps to implementing model-based tendering in an organization?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:12:26+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18962\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18962\" href=\"#collapse-1-18962\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What are the first steps to implementing model-based tendering in an organization?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18962\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18962\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The first step is to assess the current tendering process and identify areas where digital twins and simulations can add value. Then, develop a strategy for integrating these technologies into the tendering process, including training for key personnel on how to use and interpret digital twins effectively.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18969 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is a digital twin?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:12:06+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18969\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18969\" href=\"#collapse-1-18969\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is a digital twin?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18969\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18969\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>A digital twin is a virtual model of a real-world railway signaling system. It&#8217;s used to simulate, analyze, and optimize the system in a virtual environment, helping to predict and solve potential problems before they occur in the real world.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18971 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How does digital twin technology help in improving railway signaling safety?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:11:33+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18971\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18971\" href=\"#collapse-1-18971\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How does digital twin technology help in improving railway signaling safety?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18971\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18971\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>It allows for detailed analysis and testing of the signaling system under various conditions, identifying potential safety issues and vulnerabilities that can then be addressed to prevent accidents and improve reliability.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18973 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What kind of issues can digital twins detect that traditional methods cannot?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:11:12+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18973\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18973\" href=\"#collapse-1-18973\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What kind of issues can digital twins detect that traditional methods cannot?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18973\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18973\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Digital twins can detect complex issues like subtle software bugs, design flaws, and unforeseen interactions between system components that might be missed by traditional testing and manual inspections. They do so by using powerful methods such as formal verification, simulation and visualization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18976 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How can I know if my current railway signaling system can benefit from digital twin technology?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:10:27+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18976\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18976\" href=\"#collapse-1-18976\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How can I know if my current railway signaling system can benefit from digital twin technology?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18976\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18976\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>If your system suffers from frequent maintenance issues, safety concerns, or if you&#8217;re planning an upgrade or expansion, digital twin technology can provide insights and foresight into potential improvements and optimizations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18978 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What is required to start using your digital twin technology?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:09:52+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18978\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18978\" href=\"#collapse-1-18978\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What is required to start using your digital twin technology?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18978\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18978\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>You&#8217;ll need to provide detailed system specifications, operational data, and any existing design or infrastructure information. This will help us create an accurate digital twin of your signaling system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18980 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How long does it take to set up a digital twin and see results?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:09:25+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18980\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18980\" href=\"#collapse-1-18980\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How long does it take to set up a digital twin and see results?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18980\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18980\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>The setup time can vary depending on the complexity of the system, but typically, initial results and insights can be obtained within a few weeks to a few months after starting the process.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18982 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">What support do you offer after identifying signaling issues?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2024-03-05T10:14:21+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18982\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18982\" href=\"#collapse-1-18982\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">What support do you offer after identifying signaling issues?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18982\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18982\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>We provide detailed reports on identified issues, along with recommendations for rectification. We can also offer ongoing support and consultation for implementing these changes and optimizing your system.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18984 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Is the data secure when using digital twin technology?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:09:04+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18984\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18984\" href=\"#collapse-1-18984\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Is the data secure when using digital twin technology?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18984\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18984\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Yes, we employ stringent data security measures to ensure all your data remains confidential and secure throughout the analysis process.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18986 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How cost-effective is implementing digital twin technology?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:08:52+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18986\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18986\" href=\"#collapse-1-18986\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How cost-effective is implementing digital twin technology?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18986\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18986\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>While there&#8217;s an upfront investment, the long-term benefits include reduced maintenance costs, fewer system downtimes, and prevention of costly accidents, making it a cost-effective solution for enhancing system safety and efficiency.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18988 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">Can digital twin technology be integrated with existing railway infrastructure management systems?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:08:45+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18988\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18988\" href=\"#collapse-1-18988\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Can digital twin technology be integrated with existing railway infrastructure management systems?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18988\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18988\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>Yes, it&#8217;s designed to be compatible and can often be integrated with existing management systems to enhance overall operational insights and decision-making.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode panel-default fusion-faq-post fusion-faq-post-18990 digital-twin-system-testing \"><span class=\"entry-title rich-snippet-hidden\">How often should a digital twin analysis be performed on a railway signaling system?<\/span><span class=\"vcard rich-snippet-hidden\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/author\/jesper-carlstrom\/\" title=\"Posts by Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m\" rel=\"author\">Jesper Carlstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"updated rich-snippet-hidden\">2025-01-13T10:08:21+01:00<\/span><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h2 id=\"faq_1-18990\" class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"collapsed\" data-parent=\"#accordian-1\" data-target=\"#collapse-1-18990\" href=\"#collapse-1-18990\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-main\"><div class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper-sub\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-angle-down fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How often should a digital twin analysis be performed on a railway signaling system?<\/div><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div id=\"collapse-1-18990\" aria-labelledby=\"faq_1-18990\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content post-content\"><p>We recommend conducting a comprehensive analysis annually or bi-annually, and also whenever major system changes or upgrades are planned, to ensure ongoing safety and performance optimization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Frequently Asked Questions &amp; Glossary - Rail control systems<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/faq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Frequently 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