{"id":22424,"date":"2025-12-10T12:50:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/?p=22424"},"modified":"2025-12-10T12:58:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T11:58:18","slug":"cots-a-key-enabler-of-open-signaling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/cots\/cots-a-key-enabler-of-open-signaling\/","title":{"rendered":"COTS \u2013 A key enabler of open signaling"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1280px + 80px );margin-left: calc(-80px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-80px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:40px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:40px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:40px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:40px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:40px;--awb-spacing-left-small:40px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2><b>From closed systems to open standards<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Across the railway industry, many infrastructure managers are still operating relay-based signaling systems. They work \u2013 but maintaining them is costly, spare parts are disappearing, and the expertise required to service them is becoming harder to find. At the same time, demands for higher capacity, improved safety, and faster modernization are growing. Increasing train traffic, automation initiatives, and stricter safety standards are accelerating this transformation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To move forward, the industry needs to shift from proprietary, vendor-specific systems to open and standardized architectures. This is the foundation of open signaling \u2013 which promotes interoperability and vendor independence for the next generation of railway signaling systems. <\/span><b>At the heart of this transformation lies COTS \u2013 Commercial Off-The-Shelf components.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>What COTS means for railway signaling<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COTS refers to standard, industrial components \u2013 such as PLCs or I\/O systems \u2013 that are already available on the market. The term originates from the software industry and refers to ready-made, industrial solutions that can be integrated with minimal customization. Unlike proprietary hardware developed for a single supplier\u2019s platform, COTS enables signaling systems to be built on open, accessible technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the railway sector, this brings several advantages:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flexibility: Hardware can be replaced or upgraded without redesigning the entire system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vendor independence: Infrastructure managers are no longer locked into one supplier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost efficiency: Using standard components reduces lifecycle and procurement costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scalability: Systems can be deployed and adapted more easily across networks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But more importantly, COTS is not just about cost or convenience \u2013 it\u2019s what makes open signaling technically and commercially possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Prover\u2019s role \u2013 safety through formal methods<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using COTS in signaling introduces new opportunities, but also new challenges. Especially when it comes to how safety is demonstrated. If signaling hardware becomes open and interchangeable, and the signaling principles are moved to software, then much of the safety validation must move to software too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experience from modernization projects shows that using digital twins is an effective way to manage this transition. Digital twins allow infrastructure managers to test, validate, and verify the principles behind new COTS-based systems before deployment \u2013 ensuring full safety integrity throughout the process. Prover\u2019s use of formal methods, i.e., mathematical proof-based verification, ensures that safety-critical software behaves exactly as intended, regardless of the underlying hardware platform.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With this approach, operators can safely adopt COTS-based systems while maintaining the same rigorous safety assurance as in traditional, proprietary systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Migration: from relay to open architecture<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For many infrastructure managers, the journey starts with migration. Moving from aging relay-based systems to COTS-based platforms is often the first practical step toward open signaling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>A concrete example is the Stockholm Metro modernization, where Prover and partner Cactus introduced COTS-based PLCs while retaining existing relay interlockings.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Using a five-step migration process supported by digital twins, the project achieved a smooth transition to a modernized architecture \u2013 reusing proven logic and ensuring safety through formal verification. This approach reduces risk, ensures continuity, and creates a future-proof foundation for digital evolution. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prover.com\/solutions\/relay-signaling-migration\/\">Read more about Relay Signaling Migration here. <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Open signaling \u2013 a shared vision for the industry<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open signaling is not a product; it\u2019s a concept and a way of thinking. By combining open interfaces, standardized hardware (COTS), and formally verified software, the railway industry can build signaling systems that are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Software-driven, through verified logic<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More efficient, through shared standards<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More sustainable, through reduced lifecycle complexity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prover\u2019s contribution to open signaling is to make this vision practical \u2013 transforming safety-critical verification into a digital, automated process that supports an open and innovation-driven railway ecosystem. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opensignalinginitiative.org\">Read about the Open Signaling Initiative here.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Shaping the future of railway signaling<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COTS is more than a hardware choice, it\u2019s a catalyst for change in railway signaling modernization. It enables the shift from closed, proprietary systems to open, future-proof architectures where flexibility, safety, and innovation coexist. Together with open signaling principles, COTS paves the way for a modern and future-ready railway infrastructure. And with Prover\u2019s expertise in safety verification and signaling software, the industry can move forward with confidence \u2013 building signaling systems that are open, interoperable, and safe by design.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Open signaling Initiative is transforming how railway and metro signaling systems are delivered. <\/p>\n<p>By combining modular technology, collaboration, and open standards, it reduces vendor lock-in, cuts lifecycle costs, and creates space for innovation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":22426,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,187,151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cots","category-open-signaling","category-signaling-systems"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COTS \u2013 A key enabler of open signaling - Prover - Engineering a Safer World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"COTS refers to standard, industrial components that are already available on the market. 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